Essentials (10%–15%)
Sardines, noodles, oil. Customers track these prices strictly.
Chilled Goods (20%–25%)
Soft drinks, ice, beer. Factor in your store refrigerator's electricity cost.
Repacked Tingi (20%–30%)
Sugar, charcoal, salt. Extra margin covers plastic packaging and spill damages.
Markup vs. Margin
Markup is your profit compared to your puhunan (cost). Margin is your profit as a share of the selling price. A 25% markup is only a 20% margin — margin is always the smaller number.
Don't forget hidden costs
Use Dagdag gastos / piraso for ice, plastic, kuryente, or pamasahe. Folding these in keeps your real profit honest.